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Richard Shea is immediate past chair of Covington’s Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation practice. Mr. Shea is widely regarded as the nation’s leading authority on cash balance, pension equity, and other complex benefit plan designs. His practice spans the full breadth of activities needed to help his clients resolve novel, sensitive, or intractable issues. His approach focuses on developing important new legal insights and ideas, and then combining them into effective litigation, legislative, regulatory, and benefit design strategies for his clients. The representative matters described below offer a sampling of the important and challenging assignments he has handled.
Before joining Covington in 1991, Mr. Shea served as Associate Benefits Tax Counsel at the Treasury Department, where, together with his colleagues at the Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service, he was responsible for developing federal tax legislation and regulations governing employee benefits and executive compensation.
- In 1992, several of the nation’s largest manufacturers approached Covington to seek assurances that offering repeated early retirement windows in response to recession and international competition would not risk the tax qualification of their pension plans. Other major law and accounting firms had repeatedly told the manufacturers that no such assurances could be given. Mr. Shea developed a new analysis that contradicted the prevailing wisdom. In a collaborative effort between Mr. Shea and his colleague John Vine, Covington persuaded the Internal Revenue Service to issue Revenue Ruling 92-66, which adopted the legal reasoning developed by Mr. Shea and provided the legal assurances the manufacturers sought.
- In 1999, Mr. Shea assisted Eastman Kodak Company in converting its traditional defined benefit plan to a cash balance plan. The conversion is frequently cited by members of Congress, regulators, benefits consultants, and the press as the model for a successful cash balance conversion. The case is just one of the many cash balance and pension equity conversions Mr. Shea has assisted clients in implementing successfully and without incident.
- In 2004-06, on behalf of a coalition of cash balance and pension equity plan sponsors, Mr. Shea, together with his colleague Robert Newman, developed a legislative proposal clarifying the legal status of cash balance, pension equity, and related traditional pension plans. The proposal attracted the endorsement of every major business group, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Business Roundtable, and the National Association of Manufacturers, and formed the basis of the hybrid pension plan provisions included in the Pension Protection Act of 2006, which was passed by Congress on a bipartisan basis and signed into law by the President in August 2006.
- In August 2006, the Seventh Circuit also handed down its seminal decision in Cooper v. IBM, the first federal appeals court decision to address whether cash balance and pension equity plans violate federal age discrimination laws. The decision handed plan sponsors a major victory against a floodtide of class action litigation against cash balance and pension equity plans. As counsel to IBM, Mr. Shea was instrumental in developing the legal arguments advanced by IBM, and, together with his colleagues at Covington and IBM, molded those arguments into the winning litigation strategy that prevailed in Cooper. The victory in Cooper followed on earlier district court victories in which Mr. Shea played a similar, pivotal role, including Eaton v. Onan Corp., the first federal district court decision to address the cash balance age discrimination question.
- In 2002, at the request of the Treasury Department, Mr. Shea briefed the Democratic and Republican staffs of the Senate Finance and Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committees. The staffs were meeting to address legislation passed by the House that would have enshrined the so-called “whipsaw” calculation of lump sums in federal law. In a detailed briefing, Mr. Shea explained to the staff that the whipsaw calculation had an inherent, and disturbing, age discriminatory effect―an effect that had eluded the responsible federal agencies, two federal courts of appeals, and academic commentators. At the end of the briefing, the staffs unanimously agreed on a bipartisan basis to recommend to their bosses that the Senate not take up the House proposal. The House proposal died that session and was never reintroduced.
- In 1996-98, on behalf of a pro bono client of the firm, Mr. Shea developed and negotiated a legislative proposal to transfer the unfunded pension liabilities of the District of Columbia to the federal government. At the time, almost every observer assumed that the District was to blame for its pension deficit, which by the mid-1990’s had reached $5 billion and was growing. In collaboration with the American Academy of Actuaries, Mr. Shea gathered data conclusively demonstrating that the entire deficit was attributable to the period of federal control before the District was granted home rule in 1979. Mr. Shea structured the proposal in such a way that it was scored as cost-neutral for federal budget purposes. In the end, the proposal gained the enthusiastic support of the White House, the bipartisan leadership of both houses of Congress, and even the previously skeptical Washington Post. When it was enacted into law, the legislation immediately moved the entire District budget from an annual structural deficit of $200 million to an annual surplus of $100 million and avoided the District’s imminent bankruptcy in the early 2000’s when pension contributions were projected to mushroom. Officials estimate that the legislation saved each household in the District of Columbia approximately $21,000.
- From 1997-2000, Mr. Shea assisted several major employers in refinancing their leveraged ESOPs to accommodate the growth in their stock values and the simultaneous contraction of their workforces during the 1990’s. To accomplish the refinancings, Mr. Shea secured key rulings from the Internal Revenue Service and, together with his colleague Rod DeArment, critical field guidance from the Department of Labor.
- In 1989-90, while serving at the Treasury Department, Mr. Shea developed the idea for a novel plan design that would add a 401(h) retiree medical account to a money purchase ESOP. He dubbed the new design an “HSOP” and briefed his government colleagues on the idea. As a result of Mr. Shea’s work, when Wall Street subsequently brought the same plan design to market, the government was in a position to respond immediately.
- In 1993, after joining Covington, Mr. Shea traveled to Jamaica on behalf of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to interview key government officials and business leaders regarding the budgetary effects of comprehensive ESOP legislation pending in the Jamaican parliament. Because Jamaica at the time depended on IDB loans, Mr. Shea’s report to the Bank played an important role in determining the legislation’s future.
Memberships and Affiliations
- Member, Pension Research Council Advisory Board, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
- Fellow, American College of Employee Benefits Counsel
March 2021
As the legal, regulatory, and commercial implications of coronavirus COVID-19 continue to evolve, our lawyers and advisors are helping clients navigate the complex considerations that companies around the world are facing and develop plans and strategies in response. Reach out to our COVID-19 task force at COVID19@cov.com. Below is a compendium of resources ...
March 19, 2020, Inside Compensation
Last night (Wednesday, March 18, 2020) the President signed the Families First Coronavirus Response Act after it passed the Senate in the afternoon by a vote of 90-8. The Act requires all private health plans to cover COVID-19 diagnostic testing—coverage that most insured and large self-insured health plans already are providing. The Act also requires...… ...
March 6, 2020, Covington Alert
Businesses are rapidly developing strategies to continue functioning and protect their workforces in the face of the growing Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak. For obvious reasons, businesses may want to deploy health screening, testing, and professional medical advice services—including telemedicine—to their employees and dependents. It is critical that ...
October 8, 2019, Inside Compensation
Our own Richard Shea and Jack Lund recently contributed a post to the RetireSecure Blog maintained by the Pension Research Council of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. The post discusses the competing rhetoric surrounding the impact of proposed financial transaction taxes on the American retirement system.… Continue Reading
August 3, 2018, The Wall Street Journal
Richard Shea is quoted in The Wall Street Journal regarding AT&T’s miscalculation and overpayment of retirement benefits. Mr. Shea says that some pension experts have concluded that overpayments essentially never harm plan finances because employers must set aside enough money to cover a lifetime of benefits based on what retirees actually receive. He adds, “The ...
April 24, 2018, Inside Compensation
On Wednesday, April 18th, the SEC introduced a much-anticipated package of proposed rules and formal guidance concerning the standards of conduct for financial professionals. The more than 1,000-page proposal, which emerged eight years after Congress required the agency to conduct a study on the topic, addresses whether investment advisers and broker-dealers ...
March 1, 2018, Inside Compensation
Part of Our Series on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 At the end of 2017, many businesses scrambled to find expenses before year-end that could be deducted on their 2017 federal income tax return against the higher income tax rates in effect for last year. For most expenses, the deadline to act...… Continue Reading
February 14, 2018, Covington Alert
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) became Pub. Law 115-97 on December 22, 2017. Many of its more startling provisions have become well known since then. Of less dramatic impact are several provisions affecting qualified employer plans, fringe benefits, and certain kinds of compensation. These provisions are described in this client alert. This client ...
November 4, 2016, Inside Compensation
Our colleague Jason Levy recently published an article in The Actuary Magazine on the Department of Labor’s fiduciary conflict rule. More than six years in the making, this rule represents perhaps the most significant regulation from the DOL during the Obama Administration. The fiduciary conflict rule expands the definition of fiduciary to cover, with ...
September 30, 2016, Covington Alert
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continues to aggressively pursue companies using severance and other employment agreements that could be perceived to discourage employees from reporting possible securities law violations. Three enforcement actions this past summer demonstrate the need for companies to proactively review and give consideration ...
Insider Threats to Cybersecurity—Prevent, Prepare, and React Webinar
June 21, 2016, Webinar
Bribery case prompts first deferred prosecution
November 25, 2015, Bloomberg BNA
Richard Shea is quoted by Bloomberg BNA in an article discussing whipsaw calculations in light of the final regulations being released giving hybrid defined benefit retirement plans more time to bring their plans into compliance. According to Shea, although the IRS and Treasury made plans in the past to eliminate whipsaw calculations, it was never finalized. ...
IRS Issues Transition Relief for Hybrid Plans
November 16, 2015, Bloomberg BNA
Partners Richard Shea and Robert Newman are quoted in a BNA article discussing new rules governing hybrid pension retirement plans. More transitional guidance is needed, according to Shea. “The rules finalized today only address how to transition from a noncompliant market rate of return. They do not address how to transition from plan provisions that do not ...
November 5, 2015, Bloomberg BNA
Richard Shea is quoted in a BNA article covering employee benefit plans and how plans can practice “good compliance.” According to Shea, good compliance happens when documentation is consistent, but, he notes, it's rare to find a plan with consistent documentation across the board.
August 10, 2015, Inside Compensation
On August 5, 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted, by a three-to-two vote, a rule that will require most public companies to disclose, annually, the ratio of the median of the annual total compensation of the company’s employees to the annual total compensation of the company’s principal executive officer. Companies must comply with the...… ...
July 30, 2015, Inside Compensation
The federal government has been encouraging employers to adopt best practices to address both external and internal threats to critical business information and infrastructure. These best practices have included an important human resources element, including policies and programs covering current and former employees. For example, the Obama Administration ...
Insider Threats to Cybersecurity—Prevent, Prepare, React
July 17, 2015, Webinar
Covington Receives Top Tier Rankings from Legal 500 U.S.
June 9, 2015
WASHINGTON, DC, June 9, 2015 — The Legal 500 U.S. has ranked Covington as a top tier firm in nine practice areas and recognized 25 individual attorneys as “Leading Lawyers” in the directory’s 2015 edition. Additionally, Legal 500 recommended 36 Covington practice areas and 156 Covington lawyers. Top tier rankings include: Antitrust - Cartel Antitrust ...
April 3, 2015, Inside Compensation
By Richard Shea and Barbara Hoffman These days, many employment agreements, severance agreements, releases, plan documents, SPDs, and other compensation and benefits arrangements impose confidentiality requirements on employees, both current and former. Yesterday the SEC issued its first order addressing how employee confidentiality obligations can be phrased ...
March 12, 2015, Inside Counsel
Richard Shea, Lindsay Burke and Ashden Fein have authored this article on cybersecurity threats: "Cybersecurity threats can emanate not just from outside sources but from company insiders as well — including employees, executives, directors and contractors. According to NetDiligence’s 2014 Cyber Insurance Claims Study, roughly one-third of the reported events ...
October 8, 2014, Inside Compensation
Treasury and the IRS recently issued long-awaited regulations governing cash balance and other hybrid pension plans. Final regulations implement the intent of Congress in the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (the “PPA”) to eliminate the so-called “whipsaw calculation” and permit more generous rates of return for employees and retirees. Proposed regulations ...
Guidance, flexibility offered in cash balance rules
September 29, 2014, Pensions & Investments
Richard Shea and Robert Newman are quoted in this piece on regarding the recently released rules on hybrid defined benefit plans: The regulations, adopted Sept. 18, “make possible a type of retirement plan our country sorely needs,” said Richard Shea, a Washington attorney with law firm Covington and Burling, who chairs the employee benefits and executive ...
September 23, 2014, Bloomberg BNA
Robert Newman and Richard Shea are quoted in this article regarding the recently released rules on hybrid defined benefit plans: "The final rules open up a new world for employers wanting to offer retirement plans to their employees and could eventually slow the migration from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans, Robert Newman and Richard C. ...
August 27, 2014, Inside Compensation
When a defined contribution plan terminates, the plan administrator must distribute participants’ accounts as soon as administratively feasible. However, participants do not always update the plan administrator when their contact information changes, and some participants may not be responsive when the plan administrator requests directions on how to distribute ...
August 18, 2014
WASHINGTON, DC, August 18, 2014 — Best Lawyers named Covington & Burling’s Stuart Eizenstat and Gregg Levy each a 2015 “Lawyer of the Year” in international trade and sports law, respectively, citing their “abilities, professionalism and integrity.” Overall, Covington lawyers received 217 individual mentions in 58 areas of law in the newly released annual survey ...
Covington Receives Top Tier Nods in Legal 500 U.S.
June 26, 2014
WASHINGTON, DC, June 26, 2014 — The Legal 500 U.S. has ranked Covington & Burling in its top tier in eight practice areas and recognized 23 individual attorneys as “Leading Lawyers” in the directory’s 2014 edition. Additionally, Legal 500 “recommended” 42 Covington practice areas and 153 Covington lawyers. The eight Covington practices given the top tier ranking ...
May 14, 2014, Bloomberg BNA
Covington partner Richard C. Shea is quoted in this Bloomberg BNA article regarding final regulations the Treasury Department recently released providing guidance on the taxation of retirement plan payments for health and accident insurance, including disability coverage. “The Treasury Department guidance included more provisions than what the employee benefits ...
Covington’s Richard Shea Co-Hosts Wharton School Conference on “Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years”
May 2, 2014
WASHINGTON, DC, May 2, 2014 — Public confidence in retirement systems is shakier than ever. Covington & Burling’s Richard Shea is co-hosting an international conference to address both the reasons and potential solutions to the growing gap in public confidence. Titled “Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years,” the conference will bring together leading ...
Institutional Investor Names Covington’s Shea as Leader in Shaping Nation’s Retirement System
11/21/2013
WASHINGTON, DC, November 21, 2013 — Institutional Investor has named Covington & Burling partner Richard Shea as one of the 40 people with the greatest influence in shaping the future of the nation’s retirement system. Just one other lawyer in private practice was named to the list—David Boies for his defense of changes to Rhode Island’s state pension plan. ...
Wharton’s Pension Research Council Taps Covington’s Shea
October 17, 2012
WASHINGTON, DC, October 17, 2012 — Richard Shea, a Covington & Burling partner and leading pension authority, has been appointed to the Pension Research Council Advisory Board at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Wharton’s dean appoints the board from leaders in the employee benefits field, including academics, government policymakers, ...
September 7, 2012, Covington E-Alert
August 27, 2012
WASHINGTON, DC, August 27, 2012 — Covington & Burling LLP lawyers received 196 individual mentions in 57 areas of law in the 2013 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top U.S. lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The Covington lawyers recognized are as ...
May 14, 2012
WASHINGTON, DC, May 14, 2012 — Covington & Burling partners Richard Shea and Robert Newman and associate Katherine Mineka have been named recipients of the “2012 Burton Awards for Legal Achievement.” Their article, “Hybrid Plans at the Crossroads,” won in the legal writing for law firms category. The article, which was originally published in BNA Pensions & ...
Covington Lawyers Recognized by D.C. Super Lawyers
May 2, 2012
WASHINGTON, DC, May 2, 2012 — D.C. Super Lawyers selected 64 Covington & Burling lawyers for its 2012 list of top legal talent. Super Lawyers selects no more than five percent of the total lawyers who practice in Washington based on peer review and the publication’s independent research. Deborah Garza and Robert Long have been named among the “Top 100” for ...
Conference Proposes New Pension Options
February 24, 2012
WASHINGTON, DC, February 24, 2012 — Top policy experts joined with government officials to examine new retirement options for private-sector workers at a conference Wednesday on Capitol Hill. These new options will allow risks to be shared to produce optimal outcomes for both employers and employees. “The nation is caught in a retirement trap of its own ...
Re-Imagining the Pension Plan: Sharing Risk to Achieve Efficient, Sustainable Retirement Security
2012, N.Y.U. Review of Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation
September 7, 2011
WASHINGTON, DC, September 7, 2011 — Covington & Burling LLP lawyers received 184 individual mentions in 56 areas of law in the 2012 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top US lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The Covington lawyers recognized are as follows: ...
June 10, 2011
WASHINGTON, DC, June 10, 2011 — Covington & Burling LLP received 123 individual mentions and 45 practice mentions in Chambers USA 2011. The guidebook, which ranks lawyers by state and national practice area, is designed to identify the most skilled legal practitioners based on the qualities most valued by clients. Here are the Covington lawyers and practices ...
June 9, 2011
WASHINGTON, DC, June 10, 2011 — Covington & Burling LLP received 92 individual mentions and 32 practice mentions in the Legal 500 US 2011 edition. Legal 500 reviews the strengths and strategies of law firms in more than 90 countries in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Here are the Covington lawyers and practices ...
Hybrid Plans at the Crossroads: Will Treasury and IRS Allow Them to Be Defined Benefit Plans?
June 3, 2011, BNA, Inc. Pension & Benefits Daily
Covington Lawyers Recognized by D.C. Super Lawyers
May 17, 2011
WASHINGTON, DC, May 17, 2011 — D.C. Super Lawyers selected 55 Covington & Burling lawyers for its 2011 list of top legal talent. Super Lawyers selects no more than five percent of the total lawyers who practice in Washington based on peer review and the publication’s independent research. Deborah Garza has been named among the “Top 50 Women,” and Robert Long ...
August 6, 2010
WASHINGTON, DC, August 6, 2010 — Covington & Burling LLP received 138 individual mentions in 40 areas of law in the 2011 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top US lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The Covington lawyers recognized are as follows: Administrative: ...
June 23, 2010
WASHINGTON, DC, June 23, 2010 — Covington & Burling LLP received 85 individual mentions and 23 practice mentions in the Legal 500 US 2010 edition. Legal 500 reviews the strengths and strategies of law firms in more than 90 countries in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Here are the Covington lawyers and practices ...
June 16, 2010
WASHINGTON, DC, June 16, 2010 — Covington & Burling LLP received 112 individual mentions and 44 practice mentions in Chambers USA 2010. The guidebook, which ranks lawyers by state and national practice area, is designed to identify the most skilled legal practitioners based on the qualities most valued by clients. Here are the Covington lawyers and practices ...
May 7, 2010
WASHINGTON, DC, May 7, 2010 — Covington & Burling LLP represented the prevailing parties in Conkright v. Frommert, a significant case in the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). The Court’s ruling in favor of the Xerox Corporation pension plan and the plan’s administrator has implications for many other ERISA plans. ...
August 7, 2009
WASHINGTON, DC, August 7, 2009 — Covington & Burling LLP received 131 individual mentions in 38 areas of law in the 2010 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top US lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The Covington lawyers recognized are as follows: Administrative: ...
June 12, 2009
WASHINGTON, DC, June 12, 2009 — Covington & Burling LLP received 100 individual mentions and 40 practice mentions in Chambers USA 2009. The guidebook, which ranks lawyers by state and national practice area, is designed to identify the most skilled legal practitioners based on the qualities most valued by clients. Here are the Covington lawyers and practices ...
September 29, 2008
WASHINGTON, DC, September 29, 2008 — Covington & Burling LLP received 124 individual mentions in 40 areas of law in the 2009 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top US lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The Covington lawyers recognized are as follows: Administrative: ...
June 16, 2008
WASHINGTON, DC, June 16, 2008 — Covington & Burling LLP received 81 individual mentions and 45 practice mentions in the newly released 2008 Chambers USA. The guidebook, which ranks lawyers by state and national practice area, is designed to identify the most skilled legal practitioners based on the qualities most valued by clients. Here are the Covington ...
September 6, 2007
WASHINGTON, DC, September 6, 2007 — Covington & Burling LLP received 115 individual mentions in 38 areas of law in the 2008 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. This annual compilation of top US lawyers is based on peer-review surveys and is used as a referral guide in the legal profession. The recipients are as follows: Administrative: E. Edward Bruce and ...
June 18, 2007
WASHINGTON, DC, June 18, 2007 — Covington & Burling LLP received 44 practice mentions and 74 individual mentions in the newly released 2007 Chambers USA guidebook. The 2007 edition of Chambers USA attempts to identify the most skilled legal practitioners throughout the country based on the qualities most valued by clients. Covington attorneys have been ...
The Seventh Circuit Decision in Cooper v. IBM
August 2006, Buck Consultants Webcast
Age Discrimination in Pension Plans
Spring 2004, Annual Conference, Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries
Cash Balance Plans: Dead or Alive?
Spring 2004, Annual Conference, Institutional Investors Institute
Fear Factor: Court Cases Affecting Pension Plans
Spring 2004, Annual Conference, Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries
The Future of Cash Balance Plans
Fall 2003, Southern Employee Benefits Conference
Proposed Regulations on Age Discrimination
Spring 2003, Annual Conference, Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries
Cash Balance Plans: Design, Transition and Legal Issues
Winter 2001, Spring 2000, Fall 1999, American Law Institute - American Bar Association
Cash Balance Plans: Current Issues
Spring 1999, Spring 1997, Annual Conference, Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries
Why Cash Balance? Reasons for the Spread of Cash Balance Plans
Spring 1999, ERISA Industry Committee
Hybrid Defined Benefit Plans
Fall 1998, American Society of Pension Actuaries
November 30, 1997, The Washington Post
- Institutional Investor "Pension Top 40"
- Recipient of the 2012 "Burton Award for Legal Achievement"
- Top 10 ERISA Lawyers in America, Human Resource Executive Magazine and Law Dragon
- Top 20 Lawyers in Employee Benefits, Lawdragon
- Chambers USA - America's Leading Business Lawyers, Employee Benefits & Executive Compensation
- Lawyer of the Year, The Best Lawyers in America, Litigation-ERISA (Washington, DC)
- The Best Lawyers in America, Employee Benefits/ERISA
- The Best Lawyers in America, Litigation-ERISA
- Legal 500 US, Employee Benefits & Executive Compensation, ERISA Litigation and Tax - Employee Benefits
- Top 50 Employment Lawyers in America, Human Resource Executive Magazine and Law Dragon
- Washington, DC Super Lawyer in Employee Benefits/ERISA
- Distinguished Volunteer Service Award, DC Appleseed Center
- AV Preeminent Peer Review Rated, Martindale-Hubbell

COVID-19: Legal and Business Toolkit
We are helping clients around the world navigate this evolving, complex situation.
Practices
Education
University of Virginia School of Law, J.D., 1983
- Virginia Law Review, Executive Editor
- Edwin S. Cohen Prize in Tax Law
- Order of the Coif
Universidad Católica del Peru
- Fulbright Fellow in Anthropology (1976-1977)
Amherst College, A.B., 1976
- magna cum laude